Paved Surfaces

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4.3.35. Paved Surfaces#

Properties for paved surfaces including roads, pavements, and parking areas.

Paved surfaces are impervious areas that prevent water infiltration and contribute to urban runoff. They typically have high thermal mass and low albedo, contributing significantly to the urban heat island effect.

Parameters:

sfr#

Surface fraction of grid area covered by this surface type

Unit:

dimensionless

Example:

0.14285714285714285

emis#

Surface emissivity for longwave radiation

Unit:

dimensionless

Example:

0.95

ohm_threshsw#

Summer/winter threshold based on temperature for OHM calculation

Unit:

degC

Example:

0.0

ohm_threshwd#

Soil moisture threshold determining whether wet/dry OHM coefficients are applied

Unit:

dimensionless

Example:

0.0

ohm_coef#

The ohm_coef parameter group is defined by the Seasonal/Wetness OHM Coefficients structure.

soildepth#

Depth of soil layer for hydrological calculations

Unit:

mm

Default:

None (optional)

soilstorecap#

Maximum water storage capacity of soil

Unit:

mm

Default:

None (optional)

statelimit#

Minimum water storage capacity for state change

Unit:

mm

Example:

10.0

wetthresh#

Surface wetness threshold for OHM calculations

Unit:

dimensionless

Example:

0.5

sathydraulicconduct#

Saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil

Unit:

mm s-1

Default:

None (optional)

waterdist#

Water distribution fractions for paved surfaces

The waterdist parameter group is defined by the Water Distribution structure.

storedrainprm#

Storage and drain parameters

The storedrainprm parameter group is defined by the Drainage Parameters structure.

snowpacklimit#

Limit of snow that can be held on surface

Unit:

mm

Example:

10.0

thermal_layers#

Thermal layers for the surface

The thermal_layers parameter group is defined by the Thermal Layers structure.

irrfrac#

Fraction of surface area that can be irrigated

Unit:

dimensionless

Example:

0.0

ref#

The ref parameter group is defined by the Reference Info structure.

alb#

Surface albedo

Unit:

dimensionless

Example:

0.1